Automatic merge from submit-queue (batch tested with PRs 51409, 54616). If you want to cherry-pick this change to another branch, please follow the instructions <a href="https://github.com/kubernetes/community/blob/master/contributors/devel/cherry-picks.md">here</a>.

Implement InstanceExistsByProviderID() for cloud providers

Fix #51406
If cloud providers(like aws, gce etc...) implement ExternalID()
and support getting instance by ProviderID , they also implement
InstanceExistsByProviderID().

/assign wlan0
/assign @luxas

**Release note**:
```release-note
NONE
```