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Avoid panic in Cloud CIDR Allocator

**What this PR does / why we need it**:
I suspect a race exists where we attempt to look up the CIDR for a terminating node. By the time `updateCIDRAllocation` is called the node has disappeared. We determine it does not have a cloud CIDR (i.e. Alias IP Range) and attempt to record a `CIDRNotAvailable` node status. Unfortunately we reference `node.Name` while `node` is still nil.

By getting the node before looking up the cloud CIDR we avoid the nil pointer dereference, and potentially fail fast in the case the node has disappeared.

**Which issue(s) this PR fixes**:
Fixes #58181

**Release note**:

```release-note
Avoid panic when failing to allocate a Cloud CIDR (aka GCE Alias IP Range). 
```