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scheduler: fix race condition in equivalence cache

**What this PR does / why we need it**:
This adds an equivalence cache test to exercise the race condition observed in https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/62921 and then fixes the race.

The `Cache` interface needed a new method to check whether a `NodeInfo` is stale, and `genericScheduler` needed some plumbing to make the `Cache` object available to `podFitsOnNode()`.

The solution is, right before writing to the eCache, check the scheduler cache to see if the current `NodeInfo` object is out of date. If the node is out of date, then don't write to the eCache. If the `NodeInfo` is stale, it is because of a cache update that should also invalidate the eCache entry. That invalidation either happens before `podFitsOnNode()` acquires the eCache lock (original bug, so we don't do the write) or blocks until we release that lock (removing the potentially bad entry).

Fixes #62921 

**Special notes for your reviewer**:

**Release note**:

equivalence cache is still alpha, so no release note.
```release-note
NONE
```
/sig scheduling
/assign bsalalamat
/assign resouer