Automatic merge from submit-queue (batch tested with PRs 60435, 60334, 60458, 59301, 60125). If you want to cherry-pick this change to another branch, please follow the instructions <a href="https://github.com/kubernetes/community/blob/master/contributors/devel/cherry-picks.md">here</a>.

Return missing ClusterID error instead of ignoring it

This fixes issue #57382. In the cases I'm aware of kubelet cannot function if it can't detect the cluster it is running in, so the error should be passed up to the caller preventing initialization when kubelet would fail. This way the error can be detected and kubelet startup attempted again later (giving AWS time to apply the tags).

```release-note
On AWS kubelet returns an error when started under conditions that do not allow it to work (AWS has not yet tagged the instance).
```