Automatic merge from submit-queue (batch tested with PRs 68127, 68143). If you want to cherry-pick this change to another branch, please follow the instructions here: https://github.com/kubernetes/community/blob/master/contributors/devel/cherry-picks.md.

GC kubemark image after cluster starts up

Last piece to fix https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/59567

/cc @wojtek-t 

```release-note
NONE
```